Taste buds are onion-shaped structures

[RonPurewal]

Thank you very much Tim.

glad it helped.

[thanghnvn]

Ron, pls, help
you said "one type of run on sentence"
please, tell me all kinds of run on sentence which are tested on gmat. thank you

[tim]

sorry. there is no such comprehensive list.

[thanghnvn]

please, give me some kinds of run on sentence you know.

[tim]

No. Perhaps we should review what a run-on sentence is. ANY sentence where two or more independent clauses are present without appropriate connecors is a run-on. You don’t need to know anything about "kinds"; just know what a run-on sentence is..

[thanghnvn]

. which has fingerlike projections poking through the opening, called the taste pore, located at the top of taste bud

Why in C, the correct answer, is there no conjuction "and". pls,explain fully.

what is lower level of modifier? pls, help

[RonPurewal]

. which has fingerlike projections poking through the opening, called the taste pore, located at the top of taste bud

Why in C, the correct answer, is there no conjuction "and". pls,explain fully.

what is lower level of modifier? pls, help

if you put "and" here (between "called..." and "located..."), you'd have "the opening" -- all by itself -- with two modifiers. that would make no sense; "the opening" doesn't have any meaning by itself.

what's happening in this sentence is that you have "the opening located at the top of the taste bud" -- that's basically one piece -- with a modifier tossed into it.
the modifier is in a rather awkward place, but, try putting it in other places -- there aren't any other places that will work for it.

[jp.jprasanna]

a.ganguly, as soon as you invoke the word "each" you indicate that you are now talking about each one rather than the whole group. "each" must be treated as a singular noun, so "each...has" is appropriate..

David, yours is a little tougher because logically D seems like the better construction according to the rules with which we are familiar. Remove the "of which", which is a modifier for "each", and you are left with "each has" in the OA, which looks very much like a run-on sentence (one that could be fixed by changing "has" to "having"). So there is no rule-based explanation. This one is an idiom and you just have to memorize this construction despite how illogical it is..

As an aside, the phrase "each of which" shows up four times in OG12, NEVER as part of a sentence correction problem, and ALWAYS followed by a singular indicative verb..

Hi - Culd you please explain why D is wrong.. What is the Idiom here? More over D avoids run on because of "each of which having" , which (having) definitely not a verb, so could you please enlighten me with a reason to ELIMINATE D!! Thanks in anticipation...

Cheers
JP

[RonPurewal]

Hi - Culd you please explain why D is wrong.. What is the Idiom here? More over D avoids run on because of "each of which having" , which (having) definitely not a verb, so could you please enlighten me with a reason to ELIMINATE D!! Thanks in anticipation...

Cheers
JP

"each of which" -- like "which" -- has to be the subject of a VERB, not an -ing form. if you just have an -ing form, it's a fragment.

a square, which has four sides, is one of the first geometric shapes that children learn --> this is a sentence.
a square, which having four sides, is one of the first geometric shapes that children learn --> this is not a sentence.

[shivani_magan]

Dear moderators and friends

Taste buds are onion-shaped structures with between 50 and 100 taste cells, each of [u]them has fingerlike projections poking through the opening located at the top of the taste bud called the taste pore.[u/]

A. them has fingerlike projections poking through the opening located at the top of the taste bud called the taste pore
B. them that have fingerlike projections that poke through an opening located at the top of the taste bud, which they call the taste pore
C. which has fingerlike projections poking through the opening, called the taste pore, located at the top of taste bud
D. which having fingerlike projections that poke through an opening, which is called the taste pore, located at the top of the taste bud
E. which have fingerlike projections that are poking through an opening located at the top of the taste bud called the taste pore

BE - SV error
D which having - error
Between A and C, I am stuck. No obvious errors detectable in these 2 options.
OA C

Thanks
KH

Hi Ron , according to the Manhattan SC guide the following are correct :

Right: This model explains all known subatomic particles, SOME OF WHICH WERE only recently discovered.
Right: This model explains all known subatomic particles, SOME OF THEM only recently discovered.
Right: This model explains all known subatomic particles, SOME only recently discovered.

Can we eliminate A because each of them has verb has and the rule says only some of which or each of which is allowed to have a verb . Plz can u ans this , i am extremely confused over sub-group modifiers. Thanks in advance.

[HSI5858]

. which has fingerlike projections poking through the opening, called the taste pore, located at the top of taste bud

Why in C, the correct answer, is there no conjuction "and". pls,explain fully.

what is lower level of modifier? pls, help

if you put "and" here (between "called..." and "located..."), you'd have "the opening" -- all by itself -- with two modifiers. that would make no sense; "the opening" doesn't have any meaning by itself.

what's happening in this sentence is that you have "the opening located at the top of the taste bud" -- that's basically one piece -- with a modifier tossed into it.
the modifier is in a rather awkward place, but, try putting it in other places -- there aren't any other places that will work for it.

instructors,
c) which has fingerlike projections poking through the opening, called the taste pore, located at the top of the taste bud

Can "located at the top of the taste bud" also modify "taste pore"?
In the example below, "derived from only the finest breed of cow" can modify either "marbled beef" or "Wagyu beef". Therefore, in the structure below, is there a rule to interpret what ", VERBed" modify?
I like the marbled beef, called Wagyu beef, derived from only from the finest breed of cow.

[RonPurewal]

Can we eliminate A because each of them has verb has and the rule says only some of which or each of which is allowed to have a verb . Plz can u ans this , i am extremely confused over sub-group modifiers. Thanks in advance.

better to eliminate that choice because it's a run-on sentence (two complete sentences, smashed together with only a comma in between).
i.e., the part before the modifier is a sentence, and "each of them has..." would also be a sentence all by itself.

[RonPurewal]

Can "located at the top of the taste bud" also modify "taste pore"?
In the example below, "derived from only the finest breed of cow" can modify either "marbled beef" or "Wagyu beef". Therefore, in the structure below, is there a rule to interpret what ", VERBed" modify?
I like the marbled beef, called Wagyu beef, derived from only from the finest breed of cow.

this is actually a non-issue in both of these examples, for the same reason both times. specifically, you're asking whether a modifier modifies "x" or "y", when both "x" and "y" in fact refer to exactly the same entity.
in this sentence here, "the opening" and "the taste pore" are the same thing, so it doesn't matter to which one you decide to assign the modifier.
in the sentence you've given as an additional example, "the marbled beef" and "wagyu beef" are also exactly the same thing, so, again, this is a non-issue.

it only matters where you decide to assign a modifier if the different assignments actually result in different meanings. if they don't, the distinction is immaterial.

[vikram4689]

Just want confirmation from experts on whether underlined portion is valid construction. I know "each of them <modifier>" is valid but till now i have only seen particples replacing <modifier>. i think relative clause would also be fine

...taste cells, each of them that has... ('has' because 'that' refers to 'each of them')

[tim]

get rid of the "of them" and i think you'll see that things become a lot more clear..