A No clue how the answers for 17 and 20 are what they are, and I don't know why the better answer for 23 is not E and the better answer for 24 is not A. Please help me out here
For #20, we need to consider both Maria's and James's arguments.
Maria:
Conclusion: Calling any state totalitarian is misleading.
premises: Real world has no entity exercising control over even one aspect of life because systems of control are inefficient and so have only partial control.
James:
Conclusion: (inferred) it is NOT misleading to call a state totalitarian.
premises: the term describes the ambitions of the state rather than the actual degree of control.
So how does he respond? By re-defining the term "totalitarian."
(D) states this clearly.
(A) is incorrect since there is no reference to the relationship between Maria's statements.
(B) is wrong because James doesn't try to explain why totalitarian states are inefficient. Instead, he argues about the significance of that inefficiency.
(C) is silly - James doesn't reject any evidence (instead, he disagrees with what it means) and he does challenge what she infers from it.
(E) is tempting and complex, but James doesn't suggest that Maria's evidence prove that totalitarian states exist; instead he uses different support.
