That every worker: MGMAT CAT

[RonPurewal]

this exam doesn't actually test "pronoun ambiguity", so, you're safe just ignoring that part.

you should still be able to eliminate that choice pretty quickly, because "because" isn't used correctly.
"because" MUST connect TWO COMPLETE SENTENCES:
Because [complete sentence], [complete sentence].
[Complete sentence] because [complete sentence].

there are the ONLY proper constructions for "because".
("because OF" is different, but, that isn't used here.)

"because" is a very basic word -- and there's nothing subtle or intricate about this usage -- so, this is definitely a fundamental, ground-level error that you should have noticed.

(on top of that, the use of "reason" + "because" is redundant.)

[Gui]

The pronoun "it" can refer to a specific noun in a sentence, or it can also serve as a "dummy" pronoun, without a clear referent. For example, if I say "it is raining outside," what is the "it" in that sentence referring to? The sky? Mother Nature? No... it just is... The pronoun "it" isn't referring to anything concrete in that instance. Instead, the pronoun is referring to some unknown, abstract state of being.

Really annoying, huh? So how to deal with this on the test? Ask yourself what kind of noun the "it" could refer to in the sentence. If there isn't a good answer (as there isn't to my "it is raining outside" sentence), then it's probably a dummy pronoun and you can ignore it.

RON PUREWAL's view of the issue above:
THE ONLY PRONOUNS ON THE GMAT THAT DON'T HAVE TO STAND FOR NOUNS:
It + description + that + complete sentence
It + description + to + verb
It + (TO BE verb) + NOUN + that/who + verb

these "it"s DO NOT have to stand for nouns.
ALL other gmat pronouns must stand for nouns.

FIRST TYPE

It + is obvious + that Medellí¬n will beat Nacional in Wednesday’s game.

It + has been said + that the moon is made of green cheese.

Johnny found it + counterintuitive + that the GMAT tests exceptions to math rules more often than it tests the rules themselves.

SECOND TYPE

It + is difficult + to distinguish between a crocodile and an alligator.
It + is difficult + for most people + to distinguish between a crocodile and an alligator.


The rain made it + quite challenging + to drive on the freeway.

THIRD TYPE

It + was my own brother + who committed the crime.


if you look at the examples you've given above, you will find that all of them conform exactly to the above templates.

also, if you have og12, check out #57.
there are four instances of "it".
the two instances of "it" that occur at the beginning of choices (present in choices (c) and (d)) fit the above templates, and so are ok even though they don't stand for nouns.
the other two instances of "it" (in choices (a) and (c)) do not fit the above templates, and so must stand for nouns; since there are no suitable nouns in those choices, those pronouns are incorrect.

[Sage Pearce-Higgins]

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