preposition phrase modify....

[JIYUS618]

As the honeybee’s stinger is heavily barbed, staying where it is inserted, this results in the act of stinging causing the bee to sustain a fatal injury.
A.As the honeybee’s stinger is heavily barbed, staying where it is inserted, this results in the act of stinging causing
B.As the heavily barbed stinger of the honeybee stays where it is inserted, with the result that the act of stinging causes
C.The honeybee’s stinger, heavily barbed and staying where it is inserted, results in the fact that the act of stinging causes
D.The heavily barbed stinger of the honeybee stays where it is inserted, and results in the act of stinging causing
E.The honeybee’s stinger is heavily barbed and stays where it is inserted, with the result that the act of stinging causes

OA:E
1. if I used "resulting that" ,it is right in this sentence?If it were right, it is an adverbial modifier that modifies "stays"or others?

2. In manhattan 5th SC,it indicates preposition phrase modifies noun or verb,while" with the result "modifies the entire main clause to which it is attached.
I learn that" The structure" comma + preposition phrase'' is an adverbial modifier, meaning that it modifies the entire main clause to which it is attached"

Which is right??How could I distinguish one from the other?
Thank you in advance.

[RonPurewal]

1. if I used "resulting that" ,it is right in this sentence?If it were right, it is an adverbial modifier that modifies "stays"or others?

No such animal.

It's impossible to say that "X results Y", in which Y = noun, so this construction is impossible as well.

Remember"”"that + complete sentence", in these kinds of constructions, functions as a noun.
More on that topic here:
post47979.html#p47979

[RonPurewal]

2. In manhattan 5th SC,it indicates preposition phrase modifies noun or verb,while" with the result "modifies the entire main clause to which it is attached.
I learn that" The structure" comma + preposition phrase'' is an adverbial modifier, meaning that it modifies the entire main clause to which it is attached"

Which is right??How could I distinguish one from the other?
Thank you in advance.

Modifying a verb/action is exactly the same as modifying the clause containing that verb/action. No difference at all.

If you consider an example, this should be quite clear:
I dropped the grocery bags onto the floor, scaring the dogs.
Here, "scaring the dogs" is the result of my dropping the bags onto the floor (= the clause).
We can also say that it's a result of the dropping itself (= the verb). It's impossible to dissociate that action from the entity that does it (= I/me), so, in the end, it's all the same.

[JIYUS618]

Thank you very much!
I have some problems between "comma,-ing"and "comma,prep phrase"
1. Both of them modify verb(no matter in main sentence or subordinate sentence ),depending on the meaning.
2.Both of them modify subject(no matter in main sentence or subordinate sentence ),depending on the meaning.
3.Both of them cannot modify object (no matter in main sentence or subordinate sentence )

Is it right??
Thank you in advance!

ADD: "including" excepted

[RonPurewal]

Can you provide some examples, please? (I'm not sure what "subordinate sentence" and "main sentence" mean.)

Thanks.