Manhattan SC: Carbon Monoxide

[Jimmy]

Carbon monoxide levels in the atmosphere grew by enough of an increased percentage during the twentieth century that it began to trap heat radiating from the Earth, and it caused the average surface temperature to rise.

Carbon monoxide levels in the atmosphere grew by enough of an increased percentage during the twentieth century that it began to trap heat radiating from the Earth, and it caused the average surface temperature to rise.

Carbon monoxide levels in the atmosphere increased by enough of a percentage during the twentieth century that they began to trap heat radiating from the Earth, causing the average surface temperature to rise.

Levels of atmospheric carbon monoxide increased sufficiently during the twentieth century to begin trapping heat radiating from the Earth, causing the average surface temperature to rise.

Atmospheric carbon monoxide levels increased by a sufficient percentage during the twentieth century to begin trapping heat radiating from the Earth, which caused the average surface temperature to rise.

Levels of carbon monoxide in the atmosphere during the twentieth century increased enough to begin trapping heat radiating from the Earth, causing the average surface temperature to rise.

I said E, but OA is C. The Manhattan explanation states that E changes the meaning of the sentence, but I do not understand. Can you elaborate?

[Aragorn]

See below for what I feel is incorrect. I would explain E because that is the one we are having problems with.

Carbon monoxide levels in the atmosphere increased by enough of a percentage during the twentieth century that they began to trap heat radiating from the Earth, causing the average surface temperature to rise.

Levels of atmospheric carbon monoxide increased sufficiently during the twentieth century to begin trapping heat radiating from the Earth, causing the average surface temperature to rise.

Atmospheric carbon monoxide levels increased by a sufficient percentage during the twentieth century to begin trapping heat radiating from the Earth, which caused the average surface temperature to rise.

Levels of carbon monoxide in the atmosphere during the twentieth century increased enough to begin trapping heat radiating from the Earth, causing the average surface temperature to rise.

E implies that there is a level of CO in the atmosphere. E.g. the atmosphere is composed of say 100 levels. CO was on level 10 to 15 initially and now it is in level (say) 30-25, resulting in.....
Basically it is not the increase in level, but the increase in amount of CO and we need a quantitative description like % or number to enforce the right meaning.

[rfernandez]

Levels of carbon monoxide in the atmosphere during the twentieth century increased enough to begin trapping heat radiating from the Earth, causing the average surface temperature to rise.

In choice E (above), "during the twentieth century" describes "levels of carbon monoxide." In the original sentence, "during the twentieth century" describes when the growth occurred.

Rey

[divineacclivity]

Ah, just to summarize, the original sentence says "the levels increased during 20th century" whereas E option says "the levels increased from what they were during 20th century"
Thanks for a to the point explanation.

Would you also please explain why D is incorrect & why C is correct? Sufficient resonates more with "a right enough quantity needed (constructive causes/need)" than with "just enough for something". So, I rejected C.

e.g. 1 Kg of explosive is enough to blow off one whole tower in the city.
One plate of food is sufficient to fill my belly.
This is what I thought & I may be totally wrong.
Please explain. thanks in advance

[tim]

your questions should have been answered by the official explanations provided with the test you took. was there something inadequate about these explanations that you would like us to clarify?

[divineacclivity]

Tim, I do understand the explanation given here for various options. My doubt was about the "sufficient" & "enough" thingy that I posted in my previous post. And, I may be wrong about the logic I have in my mind, so, I wanted an expert opinion on this.

[tim]

can you explain what your question is about sufficient versus enough? that seems to have nothing to do with C versus D, as you indicated in your previous post. it might help if you post a complete and coherent question without reference to previous posts..

[Tadashi]

Hi experts in the forum,

B: Carbon monoxide levels in the atmosphere increased by enough of a percentage during the twentieth century that they began to trap heat radiating from the Earth, causing the average surface temperature to rise.

Can I eliminate choice B simply because the underline part of the sentence is wrong.Does the that clause modifies the "twentieth century"?

Do we really have such structures as "during the century that XX". I only know "during the time that".


One more question about OA, C : Levels of atmospheric carbon monoxide increased sufficiently during the twentieth century to begin trapping heat radiating from the Earth, causing the average surface temperature to rise.

The boldface modifies the closer action "begin trapping heat" or the action "increase sufficiently". ? Could someone provide some powerful approach?

Hope experts can answer my 2 questions.

ARIGATO.
Tadashi.

[RonPurewal]

Hi experts in the forum,

B: Carbon monoxide levels in the atmosphere increased by enough of a percentage during the twentieth century that they began to trap heat radiating from the Earth, causing the average surface temperature to rise.

Can I eliminate choice B simply because the underline part of the sentence is wrong.Does the that clause modifies the "twentieth century"?

The construction "enough ... that xxx happened", while common in spoken English, does not exist in the written language.
(If you are a non-native speaker and are ignorant of this construction, that's good ignorance. If something that's incorrect looks strange to you, that's a positive!)

[RonPurewal]

One more question about OA, C : Levels of atmospheric carbon monoxide increased sufficiently during the twentieth century to begin trapping heat radiating from the Earth, causing the average surface temperature to rise.

The boldface modifies the closer action "begin trapping heat" or the action "increase sufficiently". ?

The trapped heat caused the temperature to rise, so, the former.

Could someone provide some powerful approach?

Common sense"”the only tool you should ever need to determine intended meaning"”is extremely powerful.

[Tadashi]

Very helpful.
DOMO ARIGATO.
Tadashi.

[RonPurewal]

どういたしまして

[KashifK568]

Hi,
I agree that option C is the best of all.But doesn't "increased sufficiently...to begin" sound strange?
It seems the intention of such increase is to begin something.

[RonPurewal]

how the sentences "sound" is irrelevant, because SC is a test of formal written language.

__


there is a type of "to ___" modifier that expresses intention, but, this isn't it.

"[in]sufficient[ly] TO [VERB]" is a standard -- and very common -- usage, in which [VERB] is the threshold for deciding whether something is "sufficient".
e.g.,
this quantity of food is insufficient to feed 500 guests.
I hope you've practiced sufficiently to be comfortable performing in front of a large audience.