Clauses confusion.

[rohan]

Pardon me for posting multiple question in one thread.. but i have been suffering from one doubt and would like someone the shed some light on it.

For many people, Mr X has come to personify devastation and enslavement in the name of progress that has decimated the lives of many people.

For many people, Mr X has come to personify [u] the devastation and enslavement in the name of progress that have decimated the lives of many people [\u]

Similarly Question# 126 OG 13. Explains the relative pronoun "who" cannot refer to reactions(In other words it does not refer to an individual - which is the object in a preposition phrase)

However for this question and few others
So-called green taxes, which exact a price for the use of polluting or nonrenewable fuels, are having a positive effect on the environmental and natural resource base of countries as varied as China, the Netherlands, and Hungary.
A as varied as
B as varied as are
C as varied as those of
D that are as varied as
E that are varied as are

We refer to the noun in the prepositional phrase.
Is there a basic rule we follow for the different type of clauses to refer to nouns in prepositional phrase. or is it based on context.

[RonPurewal]

This is not a question about a GMAT Prep problem, so it doesn't belong in this folder. Please post it in the correct folder.

Thanks.