In my opinion, to support the argument more, choice C should say "all European trade goods have been preserved from loss or destruction".
nah. this wouldn't help, since the only trade goods of interest are the earliest ones.
the problem is that we're still talking about stuff that's 400 years old!
according to choice C, people would have made their
best effort to preserve that stuff from destruction -- but that's no guarantee that it could actually have been SUCCESSFULLY preserved.
in order for this argument to make any sense,
we need to know that the early trade goods CAN ACTUALLY LAST LONG ENOUGH to still be recoverable at an archaeological site.
the correct answer helps to assure us of this. choice C doesn't at all.